Anxiety is a normal reaction to actually stressful situations. But in some cases, anxiety can be overwhelming and can cause a person to feel fear is irrational towards something. Anxiety is not synonymous with phobia (phobia), because it is not specific to a particular situation. Anxiety can strike anyone, at any time, with or without any reason.
Knowing anxiety
Many terms/definitions formulated by experts in formulating the sense of anxiety. Some experts try to state the definition of anxiety, here is the list.
- Maramis (1995) States that anxiety is a tension, insecurities, worries that arise because someone feels she/he will experience an unpleasant incident.
- Lazarus (1991) stated that anxiety is an individual's reaction to problems she experienced. Anxiety is a feeling of painful, such as restlessness, confusion, etc., related to subjective aspects of emotion.
- Saranson and Spielberger (Darmawanti 1998) stated that the anxiety is a reaction to a perceived experience as a threat to an individual. Anxiety is a feeling uncertain, panic, fear, without knowing what is feared and not be able to eliminate the feeling of restlessness and anxiety.
- Tjakrawerdaya (1987) suggests that anxiety is an effect or an unpleasant feeling of tension, insecurity and fears that arise because someone thinks that he will experience something that disappoints him
Further, according to Suryabrata (1986) when anxiety occurs, then it will encourage people to make an effort to reduce anxiety or preventing dangerous impulses.
The cause of the occurrence of anxiety is difficult to appropriately estimated. This is due to the existence of the subjective nature of anxiety, namely: That the same event is not necessarily the same as perceived by everyone. In other words a stimulus or event with the same quality and quantity can be perceived differently between individuals with one another.
Cognitive theory States that the reaction of anxiety arise due to mental errors. Cognitive social learning theory, Bandura stated that fear, and anxiety is the result of negative self expectations because they believe that they can't cope with the situation that is potentially threatening to them.
While based on the incidence of anxiety, Freud (in Calvin s. Hall, 1993) differentiate into three kinds of anxiety, namely: a. the anxiety of Neurotic (Neurotic Anxiety), the anxiety that is closely related to self-defence mechanisms, and also caused by feelings of guilt or Sin, the emotional conflicts that seriously, frustrating, and inner tensions; Moral Anxiety (Anxiety of moral conscience/super ego), which is the fear of the inner voice, a personal once in the past in violation of the norms of moral and legal again in may, for example, afraid to do acts that violate religious teachings; Anxiety Realistic (Realistic Anxiety), which is the fear of the real dangers in the outside world, e.g. fear of poisonous snakes.
According to Miramis (1985), the anxiety will arise when the individual is not able to deal with a State of stress, stress can threaten the feelings, the ability of his life. Anxiety sources are frustrating, conflict, stress and crisis. And the crisis is a situation that suddenly befalls individuals and can cause great anxiety.
Anxiety can be caused simply because the individual has an unrealistic fear, as they erred in assessing the hazard associated with a particular situation, or tend to estimate the excess an event that harm. Anxiety can also be incur because of a false self-assessment, where the individual feels that he is not able to cope with what is happening or what can be done to help ourselves.
While based on the incidence of anxiety, Freud (in Calvin s. Hall, 1993) differentiate into three kinds of anxiety, namely: a. the anxiety of Neurotic (Neurotic Anxiety), the anxiety that is closely related to self-defence mechanisms, and also caused by feelings of guilt or Sin, the emotional conflicts that seriously, frustrating, and inner tensions; Moral Anxiety (Anxiety of moral conscience/super ego), which is the fear of the inner voice, a personal once in the past in violation of the norms of moral and legal again in may, for example, afraid to do acts that violate religious teachings; Anxiety Realistic (Realistic Anxiety), which is the fear of the real dangers in the outside world, e.g. fear of poisonous snakes.
In General Anxiety is a normal condition in each individual, however if not faced precisely then it will give rise to further psychological disorder.
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